We are conducting research to understand howEnterococci, a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, generate and persist within biofilms. Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens that can cause catheter-associated urinary tract infections, wound infections, and infectious endocarditis. These infections are inherently tolerant to antimicrobials and immune clearance, and the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has made them increasingly difficult to treat. Our research has revealed that stress-induced translational reprogramming, driven by changes in the tRNA epitranscriptome, can selectively translate stress response mRNAs possessing codon biases that match the reprogrammed tRNAs. We are investigating the role of the tRNA epitranscriptome and codon-biased translation in driving E.faecalis biofilm formation, with the goal of identifying targetable E. faecalis biofilm-associated pathways or factors for novel intervention strategies to prevent or eradicate infection. This work will provide crucial knowledge to improve our understanding of how bacteria link translational regulatory networks to environmental response and help develop more effective treatment options for Enterococcal infections.